大多数初学者学习时态时,都会认为一样平常过去时(The Simple Past)是比较难节制的一种时态,这是由于一样平常过去时中的动词变革相对较多。实在,我们在学习时稍加留神,重点记住动词过去式的变革规律,反复练习,搞定一样平常过去时并不难。
什么是一样平常过去时?
一样平常过去时表示过去某个韶光发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的韶光状语连用,如:yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday (前天), last night,(昨晚),last Sunday(上周日),last month(上个月),last year (去年), the year before last (前年), in 1990 (在1990年), two days ago (两天前),before liberation(解放前)等等。
例如:Where were you yesterday?
昨天你(们)在哪儿?
I was at home all day long.
我一整天都在家。
Did you sleep well last night?
你昨晚睡得好吗?
Yes, I did. 是的,我睡得很好。
He joined the army in 1990.
他是1990年从军的。
They moved to Beijing ten years ago.
他们十年前就搬到北京了。
从以上例句,我们创造在一样平常过去时中,动词都发生了变革,即,由原来的动词原形变为动词的过去式。这一点很关键,记住每个动词的过去式及其变革规律,是学好一样平常过去时的条件。
值得把稳的是,英语的动词分为规则动词和不规则动词,它们都有自己的动词过去式,要分别加以影象。
(一)规则动词的过去式(有下列4种情形)
(1)一样平常情形下,在动词原形后面加 -ed
look →looked, play →played, start →started, visit →visited,work →worked
(2)以不发音的 e 结尾的动词,在词尾直接加 -d
live →lived, use →used, move →moved, taste →tasted
(3)以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词,先将 y 改为 i , 再加 –ed
study →studied, try →tried, fly →flied, copy →copied, carry →carried
(4)以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或 r 音节结尾,先双写词尾辅音字母,再加 –ed
stop →stopped, plan →planned, prefer →preferred
(二)不规则动词的过去式
不规则动词的过去式是学习一样平常过去时的重点,由于平时利用最多的是不规则动词的过去式。这里我们列出了48个最常用的不规则动词的过去式,同学们自测一下,看看你节制了多少?
am (is)-was (是)
are-were (是)
go-went (走、去)
come-came (来)
take-took (拿)
have (has)-had (有)
begin-began (开始)
bring-brought (带来)
can-could (能、可以)
catch-caught (捉住、遇上)
cut-cut (割、切)
do/does-did (做)
draw-drew (画)
drink-drank (喝)
drive-drove (开车、驾车)
eat-ate (吃)
fall--fell(跌倒,落下)
feel-felt (觉得、触摸)
fly-flew (飞、放)
get-got (得到)
give-gave (给)
grow-grew (成长、栽种)
keep-kept (保持、保存)
know-knew (知道、明白)
learn-learnt (学习)
leave-left (离开)
let-let (让)
lie-lay(躺,平放)
make-made (制造、使得)
may-might (可以、能够)
read-read (读、看)
ride-rode (骑、乘、驾)
ring-rang (打电话给, 按铃,形成环状)
run-ran (跑)
say-said (说)
see -saw (看)
sell-sold (卖)
send-sent (寄信,送给)
sit-sat (坐)
set -set(树立、点燃、落下)
sing-sang (唱)
sleep-slept (睡觉)
speak-spoke (讲、说)
spend-spent (花韶光、金钱)
stand-stood (站立)
swim-swam (拍浮)
teach-taught (教)
tell-told (见告)
(三)一样平常过去时切实其实定句、疑问句和否定句
(1)肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式
例如:I went shopping with my mother last Sunday.
我上周日和妈妈一起去购物了。
She washed all the dirty clothes yesterday.
她昨天把所有的脏衣服都洗了。
He was a college student five years ago.
五年前他是一名大学生。
They were in the classroom this morning.
他们本日上午在教室里。
(2)一样平常疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 ?
例如:Did you watch TV last night?
你昨晚看电视了吗?
(Did 开头的问句,不分人称,动词一律用原形)
Yes, I did. 是的,我看了。
No, I did not. (I didn't.) 不,我没看。
Was she ill yesterday?
她昨天生病了吗?
Yes, she was. 是的, 她生病了。
No, she was not. (she wasn't) 不,她没生病。
分外疑问句: 在一样平常疑问句前加 What, When, Where, Why, Which, How 等。
例如:What did you see five minutes ago?
你五分钟前看到了什么?
When did your uncle arrive in Xi'an?
你叔叔什么时候到的西安?
Where did you learn your English?
你在哪儿学的英文?
Why was she late for school yesterday morning?
她昨天早上上学为什么迟到了?
Which club were you in last year?
你去年在哪个俱乐部?
How did you feel just now?
你刚才觉得如何?
(3)一样平常过去时的否定句:
主语 + did not (didn't) + 动词原形 (主-谓-宾 构造)
主语 + were not (weren't )/was not (wasn't) (主-系-表 构造)
例如:I didn't have my breakfast this morning.
本日早上我没有吃早餐。
He didn't return the book to the library yesterday.
昨天她没有把书还给图书馆。
She wasn't good at singing before.
她以前不善于唱歌。
They didn't go swimming the day before yesterday.
前天他们没有去拍浮。
We were not (weren't) late for PE class today.
本日我们上体育课没有迟到。
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