网络音视频新规 new rules for online audio and video providers
国家互联网信息办公室、文化和旅游部、国家广播电视总局联合印发了《网络音视频信息做事管理规定》(以下简称“《规定》”),自2020年1月1日起施行。
Online service providers should acquire qualifications in accordance with laws and administrative regulations before they release audio and video posts for users, the document said. They should establish and improve mechanisms for user registration, content review and information security management, it said.规定明确,网络音视频信息做事供应者应该依法取得法律、行政法规规定的干系资质;应该建立健全用户注册、信息发布审核、信息安全管理等制度。
当前,网络音视频信息做事迅速发展,用户规模不断壮大。
There are currently 608 million online music platform users and 759 million video service users in China.当前,我国网络音乐用户规模已达6.08亿,网络视频用户规模已达7.59亿。
与此同时,传播违法和不良信息(disseminate illegal and harmful information)、陵犯公民群众合法权柄(infringe on the people's legitimate rights and interests)等风险隐患也随之增加。特殊是随着“深度假造(deepfake)”等新技能新运用在网络音视频领域的利用,这些风险进一步集聚、放大。
Online service providers or users producing, releasing or disseminating digitally-altered audio or video content based on new technologies like deep learning or virtual reality shall mark them as \公众not real\公众 in a visible way, according to the regulation.规定明确,网络音视频信息做事供应者和网络音视频信息做事利用者利用基于深度学习、虚拟现实等新技能新运用制作、发布、传播非真实音视频信息的,应该以显著办法予以标识。
No one shall generate, release or disseminate fake news or information by using such technologies, the document said.不得利用基于深度学习、虚拟现实等新技能新运用制作、发布、传播虚假新闻信息。
网络音视频信息做事供应者应建立健全辟谣机制
网络音视频信息做事供应者应该支配运用违法违规音视频以及非真实音视频鉴别技能(technologies that can identify illegal or fake audio and video contents),创造音视频信息做事利用者制作、发布、传播法律法规禁止的信息内容的,应该依法践约停滞传输该信息,采纳肃清等处置方法。
网络音视频信息做事供应者应该建立健全辟谣机制(rumor-refuting mechanism),创造网络音视频信息做事利用者利用基于深度学习、虚拟现实等虚假图像、音视频天生技能制作、发布、传播谣言的,应该及时采纳相应的辟谣方法,并将干系信息报网信、文化和旅游、广播电视等部门备案。
2019年度十大网络用语 Top 10 online buzzwords
12月2日,国家措辞资源监测与研究中央发布了“2019年度十大网络用语”。本次发布的十个网络用语依次为:不忘初心;道路千万条,安全第一条;柠檬精;好嗨哟;是个狼人;雨女无瓜;硬核;996;14亿护旗手;断舍离。
1、不忘初心 remain true to the original aspiration
“不忘初心”意思是不忘却最初的心愿。
习近平总布告在党的十九大报告中庄严发布:
“中国共产党人的初心和义务,便是为中国公民谋幸福,为中华民族谋复兴。”
The original aspiration and the mission of Chinese Communists are to seek happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation.
实在,每个人都有一颗初心的种子,都应该探求初心、牢记初心、保持初心,为实现自己的小目标努力奋斗,为实现中国梦添砖加瓦。
2、道路千万条,安全第一条 On countless roads ahead, safety comes first.
此语的盛行源于电影《流浪地球(Wandering Earth)》中反复利用的一句台词,后被多地交警作为交通安全宣扬用语采取。网友仿照该句式创造出多种“××千万条,××第一条”的用法,使这一网络用语得到了更广泛的利用和传播。
3、柠檬精 green with envy
“柠檬精”字面意思是柠檬成精,指很喜好酸别人,妒忌别人(be jealous of someone)。现多用于自嘲式地表达对他人从外面到内在、从物质生活到情绪生活的多重倾慕(envy someone for his/her good looks, wealth or love life)。
在英语里,green这个词常常用来表达“妒忌、倾慕”等意思,除了green with envy以外,还有莎士比亚作品中多次涌现过的green-eyed monster。
比如:
Chad is heading off to Spain for the week, and I'm green with envy.查德这周要去西班牙,我酸了。
4、好嗨哟 be so high/get really high
这个词来源于同名网络歌曲,经由短视频达人改编并合营十分魔性的演出,引得许多人模拟,用于表达很高兴和愉快的状态。
比如:
Her spirits get really high after a couple of drinks.几杯酒下肚,她变得好嗨哟。
5、是个狼人 someone is a badass/crackerjack
这个说法由“是个狠人”演化而来的,意思是“比狠人再狠‘一点’”。常日用来调侃某人干事不按常理出牌,却又能取得奇效,给人一种出乎意外的很厉害的觉得。
Badass在美语中是一个非常盛行的口语单词,你常常可以听到人们用badass来形容不同的人、或者物,可以用作名词或形容词。
韦氏在线词典对付badass的含义有两种阐明:likely to cause trouble : tough and dangerous(危险的、刁悍的,可能会引发麻烦);very skillful or impressive(技能高超的,令人印象深刻的)。由此可见,badass既可表达贬义,也可用于褒义,取决于所处的语境。我们可以将其理解为,刁悍(凶悍)的、厉害的、拉风的、狂拽酷炫的,或是狠角色。不过要记住的是,badass原来是一个具有搪突意味的词,以是只能在非正式场合、口语中利用。
比如:
He is a real badass, finishing that project on such a tight schedule.工期这么紧的情形下,他还能完成项目,真是个狼人。
Crackerjack的用法跟badass类似,也是可以用作名词或形容词,指“能力轶群的(人);极好的(事物)”。比如:He just bought a crackerjack car.(他刚买了一辆超棒的车。)
6、雨女无瓜 none of your business
这个谐音梗出自电视剧《巴啦啦小魔仙》,剧中游乐王子的扮演者操着一口迷之口音,普通话非常不标准。原来的台词“与你无关”,从他的口中说出来便成了“雨女无瓜”。于是便有网友制作了表情包在社交平台上进行调侃。
类似的口头禅还有:
“你怎么这个亚子”(你怎么这个样子)Why the hell are you doing this?
“要泥寡”(要你管)Leave me alone!
7、硬核 hardcore
该词最早指说唱音乐(hip hop music/rap music)的一种形式,被认为更具有力量感。后引申为“核心部分、中坚分子”,有厉害、霸气之义。如:硬核技能(hardcore technology)指很关键、很核心的技能;说某人很硬核(someone is hardcore)可以指对方很强硬、很彪悍,跟“是个狼人”有点类似。
比如:
He is the hardcore engineer here -- we cannot do without him.他是我们这的硬核工程师,没他可弗成。
8、996 the 996 work schedule
“996”指事情韶光从早上9点到晚上9点,一周事情6天(work from 9 am to 9 pm, six days a week),代表着中国互联网企业盛行的加班文化(overtime culture in internet companies)。
China's Labor Law prescribes that the working hours of an employee should not exceed an average of eight hours daily, or 44 hours a week.中国的劳动法规定,员工每天事情不得超过8小时,或每周不超过44小时。
Employers may extend working hours after consultation with an employee, but shall not exceed three hours a day or 36 hours a month.店主可以在与员工协商后延长事情韶光,但加班韶光不应超过每天3小时或每月36小时。
The 996 work schedule, however, can easily ratchet up weekly work to 60 hours.但996事情制能轻易将事情韶光增加到每周60个小时。
9、14亿护旗手 1.4 billion guardians of the national flag
面对有暴徒在喷鼻香港把国旗丢进海中的暴行,央视新闻发布微博话题“五星红旗有14亿护旗手”并置顶,网友们纷纭留言、刷屏转发,表达热爱祖国、护卫国旗的朴拙感情。
比如:
I'm one of the 1.4 billion guardians of the national flag and I love my motherland.我是14亿护旗手之一,我爱我的祖国。
10、断舍离 simplifying life
一种生活态度,意思是把那些不必需、不得当、过期的东西统统断绝、舍弃,并割断对它们的眷恋(discard everything that is unnecessary, outdated or ill-suited and liberate yourself from it),“断舍离”之后才能过大略清爽的生活。
比如:
I'm simplifying my life lately, dumping tons of unwanted things.我最近正在断舍离,扔了好多不要的东西。
新能源汽车 new energy vehicles (NEVs)
12月3日,工业和信息化部发布《新能源汽车家当发展方案(2021-2035年)》(搜聚见地稿),描述新能源汽车未来15年的发展蓝图。
Sales of new energy vehicles (NEVs) are expected to make up about 25 percent of the total new car sales and those of intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs) will be lifted to about 30 percent by 2025, according to the draft plan.搜聚见地稿提出,到2025年,新能源汽车新车销量占比达到25%,智能网联汽车新车销量占比达到30%。
【名词阐明】
新能源汽车(new energy vehicles,NEVs)指采取新型动力系统,完备或紧张依赖新型能源驱动的汽车,具有能耗低(low energy consumption)、污染物排放少(low pollutant emission)等特点,紧张包括插电式稠浊动力汽车(plug-in hybrid electric vehicle,简称PHEV)、纯电动汽车(battery electric vehicles ,简称BEV)和燃料电池汽车(fuel-cell electric vehicles)。
智能网联汽车(intelligent connected vehicles,ICVs)是指搭载前辈的车载传感器、掌握器、实行器(onboard sensors, controllers and actuators)等装置,并领悟当代通信与网络技能,实现车与X(人、车、路、后台等)智能信息交流共享(intelligent information exchange and sharing),具备繁芜的环境感知、智能决策(intelligent decision-making)、协同掌握和实行等功能,可实现安全、舒适、节能、高效行驶(safe, comfortable, energy-saving and efficient driving),并终极可替代人来操作的新一代汽车。
在研发方面,搜聚见地稿重新定义了“三纵三横”,中国将形成以纯电动汽车(battery electric vehicles BEV)、插电式稠浊动力汽车(plug-in hybrid electric vehicle,PHEV)、燃料电池汽车(fuel-cell electric vehicles)为“三纵”,以动力电池与管理系统(battery and managing system)、驱动电机与电力电子(driving motor and power electronics)、网联化与智能化技能(internet and intelligent technologies)为“三横”的研发布局。
搜聚见地稿提出,力争经由15年持续努力,纯电动汽车成为主流,燃料电池汽车实现商业化运用(fuel-cell electric vehicles will be ready for commercial use),公共领域用车全面电动化(all vehicles used for public services will be electrically powered),高度自动驾驶智能网联汽车趋于遍及,有效促进节能减排水平和社会运行效率提升。
2018年国际学生评估项目 PISA2018
The latest 2018 Program for International Student Assessment, hosted every three years by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, found that 15-year-olds in Beijing, Shanghai and the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang ranked No 1 in all three core subjects of reading, science and mathematics.2018年国际学生评估项目(PISA2018)测试结果显示,我国北京、上海、江苏、浙江四省市15岁学生在阅读、科学、数学三个核心科目中排名第一。国际学生评估项目(PISA2018)测试由经济互助与发展组织(OECD)发起组织,每三年进行一次。
They are followed by students from Singapore and China's two special administrative regions -- Macao and Hong Kong. The top OECD countries were Estonia, Canada, Finland, and Ireland.排名紧随其后的分别是来悛改加坡、澳门以及喷鼻香港特殊行政区的学生。测试成绩排名靠前的经合组织成员国为爱沙尼亚、加拿大、芬兰和爱尔兰。
【知识点】
国际学生评估项目(Program for International Student Assessment,PISA)是经济互助与发展组织(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,OECD)于2000年发起的对根本教诲进行跨国家(地区)、跨文化的评价项目,目的是对15岁学生的阅读、数学、科学素养和利用知识办理现实问题能力(measure students' ability to use their reading, mathematics and science knowledge and skills to meet real-life challenges)进行评价,反响学生参与未来生活的能力。PISA参与成员紧张是OECD成员国家(地区),接管非成员国家(地区)参加,每三年进行一次,根据测评年份命名。
The OECD's PISA 2018 tested around 600,000 15-year-old students in 79 countries and regions on reading, science, and mathematics. The main focus was on reading, with most students doing the test on computers.2018年国际学生评估项目共测试了79个国家和地区60万名15岁学生的阅读、科学及数学能力,个中阅读为紧张稽核科目。大部分学生在打算机上答题。
其他测试结果还包括:
In B-S-J-Z (China), socio-economically advantaged students outperformed disadvantaged students in reading by 82 score points in PISA 2018. This is not significantly different from the average difference between the two groups (89 score points) across OECD countries.2018年国际学生评估项目(PISA2018)测试结果显示,我国四省市社会经济条件较好的学生在阅读方面的得分比经济条件较差学生高82分,经合组织成员内部这个分数均匀差为89分,二者没有明显差异。
School principals in B-S-J-Z (China) reported more staff shortage and less material shortage than the OECD average; and school principals of disadvantaged schools more often reported staff shortage than principals of advantaged schools.我国四省市校长报告的师资短缺情形高于经合组织均匀值,报告的资源短缺情形低于经合组织均匀值。条件较差学校的校长报告的师资短缺问题多于条件好的学校校长。
In B-S-J-Z (China), boys outperformed girls in mathematics by 11 score points. Across OECD countries, boys outperformed girls by five score points. While girls slightly outperformed boys in science (by two score points) on average across OECD countries in PISA 2018, in B-S-J-Z (China) boys outperformed girls in science by 12 score points.我国四省市参与测试的学生中,男生的数学分数比女生高11分,经合组织成员国的男生则比女生高5分。在科学成绩方面,经合组织成员国的女平生均得分略高于男生(赶过2分),我国四省市则是男生比女生赶过12分。
In almost every education system, girls expressed greater fear of failure than boys, and this gender gap was considerably wider amongst top-performing students.在险些所有的参与测试的教诲体系中,女生比男生更担心失落败,在成绩好的学生中尤其如此。
In B-S-J-Z (China), students spent 31.8 hours in the classroom on average, ranking fourth among all 79 countries and regions. The learning efficiency of students in B-S-J-Z (China) ranked 44th, 46th and 54th for reading, math and science, respectively, and the students' satisfaction about learning only ranked 61st.我国四省市学平生均校内教室学习韶光为31.8小时/周,在参测国家(地区)中排第4位。我国四省市学生的阅读、数学和科学的学习效率在参测国家(地区)中排名分列第44位、第46位、第54位。我国四省市学生的学习满意度在参测国家(地区)中排第61位。
冬奥会志愿者环球招募 global recruitment for Winter Olympics volunteers
According to the Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games (BOCOG), 27,000 Games volunteers will be needed for the Olympic Winter Games and 12,000 for the Paralympic Winter Games.北京冬奥组委操持招募2.7万名冬奥会赛会志愿者、1.2万名冬残奥会赛会志愿者。
Successful candidates will be trained to assist organizers in 12 service categories before and during the Games, including international liaison, competition organization, media operations and venue services, in three zones: downtown Beijing, the capital's northwest Yanqing district and Zhangjiakou, according to Beijing 2022 organizers.北京冬奥组委表示,成功入选的志愿者经由培训后将分布于北京、延庆、张家口三个赛区,参与国际联结、竞赛组织、媒体运营、场馆运行等12类志愿做事。
赛会志愿者怎么报名
赛会志愿者申请人报名韶光为北京韶光2019年12月5日至2021年6月30日24:00。所有申请人均应登录赛会志愿者环球招募网络系统(vol.beijing2022.cn)提交申请。赛会志愿者任命事情将于2021年9月30日前全部完成。
启动仪式上,北京冬奥会和冬残奥会志愿者标志也正式发布。
As a highly significant branding and visual element of the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games Beijing 2022, the volunteer logo is designed to fully arouse the enthusiasm of the volunteers; carry forward and foster the volunteering spirit; and build a culture dedicated to embodying the volunteering spirit.北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会志愿者标志是冬奥会和冬残奥会主要的形象景不雅观元素,是着眼于充分调动志愿者的积极性,弘扬和造就志愿做事精神,打造志愿者文化所作的原创性设计。
The red and yellow colour in the logo symbolises passion and hospitality. The motif of the universally-acknowledged sign language for “I love you” manifests global, trending and youthful ideas. The elegant and dynamic \"大众ribbon\"大众 represents the rhythm of a heartbeat and showcase the vision for a \"大众Joyful rendezvous upon pure ice and snow\"大众.标志颜色由赤色、黄色组成,代表激情亲切和欢迎。图形采取国际通用手势“我爱你”,表示国际化、时尚化、年轻化。通过洒脱、动感的飘带形式,表达“心动”的觉得,表示“纯洁的冰雪,激情的约会”愿景。
The upper part of the logo resembles a triple \"大众V,\公众 signifying a winning streak and the aspirations of volunteers to participate in the Winter Games. The smiling face on the bottom half of the logo aims to inspire dedication, friendship and happiness. A volunteer's smile will light up the Beijing 2022 Games. It is both the legacy of the Beijing 2008 Games and the embodiment of the volunteering spirit of dedication, friendship, mutual assistance and progress.标志上半部图形由寓意连胜的“VVV”组成,象征志愿者“手拉手” 参与冬奥做事冬奥的激情亲切;图形下半部分“笑脸”表达了“奉献、爱与微笑”的主题。志愿者的微笑是北京最好的名片,既是对2008年北京奥运会的传承,也是对志愿精神“奉献、友爱、互助、进步”的表示。
繁体字 traditional Chinese character
Schools should use standard, simplified Chinese in teaching, based on relevant laws, the Ministry of Education said recently, playing down concerns that the use of simplified Chinese is detrimental to preserving cultural heritage.关于简化汉字“不利于文化传承”的问题,教诲部表示,学校传授教化应依法利用规范汉字。
In response to a proposal made this year by a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the ministry said students can also learn about traditional Chinese when they learn about Chinese classic writings and Chinese calligraphy at school.在对今年一份政协委员提案的回答中,教诲部表示,学生在经典阅读和书法教诲中,会涉及繁体字教诲有关内容。
【背景先容】
1952年2月5日,在中心教诲部的方案下,由中国笔墨改革协会改组合并其他机构组成中国笔墨改革研究委员会,网络民间及民国以来主见汉字简化学者们的建议(suggestions concerning simplifying Chinese characters)。1952年3月25日,笔墨改革研究委员会汉字整理组成立,开始动手拟定《常用汉字简化表草案》。第一次由政府正式公布并成功得到贯彻履行的简体字方案和字表是1956年由中华公民共和国国务院公布的《汉字简化方案》,并终极制订出了一个《简化字总表(a list of simplified Chinese characters)》。现在我们通用的是1986年重新发布的《简化字总表》,统共收录了2235个字。
关于简化汉字“因简害义”“有损汉字的艺术美和规律性,不利于文化传承”的问题,教诲部先容,自古以来,汉字由繁趋简的发展演化趋势十分显著(Chinese characters have undergone constant simplification)。
简化字伴随着汉字的产生而发展,已有三千多年的历史。早在甲骨文(oracle bone script)和金文(Chinese Bronze Inscriptions)中,汉字就有了简体形式;南北朝以来楷书(regular script)、草书(cursive writing style)、行书(running hand)中也不断有简体字产生。现行简化字即是遵照约定俗成的原则,通过搜集、整理、筛选千百年来在民间通畅的简体字(collect, sort and select simplified characters widely used for hundreds of years),在广泛搜聚见地根本上确定简化字体并经由一段韶光的试行后确定的,具有历史继续性、体系性和深厚的群众根本。
从汉字形体构成的规律看,形声构字(pictophonetic characters)是紧张的构字方法,如果仅从会意字(associative compounds)方向去理解汉字,就背离了汉字构形事实。
【知识点】
汉字的造字构造常日有四种,分别为:象形字(pictographs),比如,马、口、门等;形声字(pictophonetic characters),一样平常是一个偏旁部首加一个汉字组成,比如,吗、妈等;会意字( associative compounds),用两个及两个以上的独体汉字,根据各自的含义所组合成的一个新汉字,比如,休、旦等;指事字(self-explanatory characters),当没有、或未便利用具体形象画出来时,就用一种抽象的符号来表示。大多数指事字是在象形字的根本上添加、减少笔画或符号,比如,上、下、凶等。
教诲部还表示,笔墨并不完备等同于文化,笔墨是记录、通报文化信息的工具,中华文化的大量信息是通过汉字记录下来的(a large amount of information on Chinese culture was recorded in Chinese characters)。要读懂这些信息首先要能读懂汉字记录的各个历史期间的汉语书面语,但经由长期的历史发展,汉语发生了很大变革,人们现在通过笔墨资料理解古代文化信息的困难紧张在于记录这些信息的措辞从古至今发生了很大变革,认识繁体字的人不经由专门的古汉语、古代文化知识等的学习、培训,也一样读不懂古典诗文(people who understand traditional Chinese may not necessarily understand classic writings without proper training),不能理解中华传统文化、知晓中国文化的由来。同样,现在古典诗文都已经有简化字版,如果不经由专门演习,也一样读不懂。
针对“中小学繁体字识读教诲”一事,教诲部表示,《中华公民共和国国家通用措辞笔墨法》明确规定,“学校及其他教诲机构以普通话和规范汉字为基本的教诲传授教化用语用字。法律另有规定的除外”。因此,学校传授教化应依法利用规范汉字。
俄罗斯被禁赛 Russia banned from Olympics
12月9日,天下反愉快剂机构(WADA)执委会在瑞士洛桑宣告,禁止俄罗斯在未来4年参加所有大型国际赛事。
The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) on Monday banned Russia from major global sporting events in the next four years including the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics and 2022 World Cup in Qatar after accusing Moscow of falsifying data from an anti-doping laboratory.因指控莫斯科反愉快剂实验室数据造假,天下反愉快剂机构12月9日宣告,禁止俄罗斯在未来四年参加所有大型国际赛事,个中包括2020年东京奥运会、2022年北京冬奥会,以及2022年卡塔尔天下杯。
Under the sanctions, the Russian flag and anthem are also prohibited from being displayed at major events.根据禁令规定,俄罗斯的国旗和国歌也不得在大型赛事中展示。
If the bans are ultimately enforced, Russian athletes who can prove they are untainted by the doping scandal will be able to compete compete under a neutral flag.如果禁令终极得以履行,俄罗斯运动员在能够证明自己没有卷入愉快剂丑闻的情形下,可以利用中立旗帜参加比赛。
【知识点:作甚大型国际赛事?】
根据天下反愉快剂机构官网发布的新闻稿,这里所说的“大型国际赛事(major global events)”包括以下四类:
(a) the Youth Olympic Games (summer and winter);夏季和冬季青年奥运会;
(b) the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (summer and winter);夏季和冬季奥运会及残奥会;
(c) any other event organized by a Major Event Organisation;由大型赛事组织机构组织的其他比赛;
(d) any World Championships organized or sanctioned by any Signatory.由任何签约成员组织或批准的国际锦标赛。
Wada says Rusada has 21 days to appeal against the ban. If it does so, the appeal will be referred to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (Cas).
天下反愉快剂机构表示,俄罗斯可在21天内对该禁令提出申说。发起的申说将交由国际体育仲裁法庭受理。
Russian president Vladimir Putin said the country had grounds to appeal against the decision.俄罗斯总统普京表示,俄方有情由对该决定提出申说。
明年欧洲杯未受影响
Despite the ban, Russia will be able to compete at Euro 2020 - in which St Petersburg will be a host city - as European football's governing body Uefa is not defined as a 'major event organization' with regards to rulings on anti-doping breaches.明年将在圣彼得堡举行的2020年欧洲杯将不受禁令影响,由于在世界反愉快剂机构作出的裁决中,欧足联未被认定为“大型赛事组织机构”。
Fifa said it had \"大众taken note\公众 of Wada's decision, adding: \"大众Fifa is in contact with Wada to clarify the extent of the decision in regards to football.\"大众国际足联表示已经“把稳到”天下反愉快剂机构的决定,并称“国际足联正在与天下反愉快剂机构联结,以明确该决定对足球比赛的影响范围。”
The promoters of the F1 Russian Grand Prix 2020 also said they were \公众confident\公众 the race would go ahead because their contract was signed before the Wada investigation and runs until 2025.2020年F1俄罗斯大奖赛宣扬方也表示,他们“相信”比赛会准期举行,由于赛事合约在世界反愉快剂机构调查前已经签订,且有效期到2025年。
【干系背景】
2017年12月,国际奥委会执委会宣告禁止俄罗斯代表团参加2018年2月在韩国平昌举行的冬奥会,但是许可符合条件的运动员以中立身份参加个人或集体项目。
A total of 168 Russian athletes competed under a neutral flag at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang.2018年平昌冬奥会期间,共有168名俄罗斯运动员持中立旗参赛。
这些明净的参赛运动员被称为“来自俄罗斯的奥林匹克运动员(Olympic Athletes from Russia)”,在平昌冬奥会上,伴随他们涌现的是国际奥委会会旗(the Olympic flag)、国际奥林匹克会歌(the Olympic Anthem),运动员得到的任何奖牌都不属于俄罗斯。
六稳(稳就业、稳金融、稳外贸、稳外资、稳投资、稳预期)
keep employment, the financial sector, foreign trade, foreign and domestic investments, and expectations stable
The Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee held a meeting Friday to analyze and study the economic work for 2020 and make plans for improving conduct and building integrity as well as fighting corruption. \"大众The basic trend of steady long-term growth for China's economy remains unchanged at present and for a period to come,\"大众 the meeting said, stressing transforming external pressure into motivation for deepening reform and furthering opening-up, and focusing on running China's own affairs well.中共中心政治局12月6日召开会议,剖析研究2020年经济事情;研究支配2020年党风廉政培植和反腐败事情。会议强调,当前和今后一个期间,我国经济稳中向好、长期向好的基本趋势没有变。我们要长于把外部压力转化为深化改革、扩大开放的强大动力,集中精力办好自己的事。
稳就业
要切实保障和改进民生,重点办理好高校毕业生、退役军人、下岗职工、农人工、返村落夫员等重点人群的就业问题。
We should improve people's living standards and pay particular attention to ensuring employment for key groups such as college graduates, veterans, laid-off and rural migrant workers, as well as those returning to rural areas.
——2019年9月18日,习近平在河南稽核期间强调
稳金融
戒备化解金融风险,事关国家安全、发展全局、公民财产安全,是实现高质量发展必须超过的重大关口。
Preventing and defusing financial risks is relevant to national security, overall development, and the security of people's property, and is a key threshold that the country must cross to achieve high-quality growth.
——2018年4月2日,习近平主持召开中心财经委员会第一次会议并讲话
稳外贸
我们该当坚持以开放求发展,深化互换互助,坚持“拉手”而不是“松手”,坚持“拆墙”而不是“筑墙”,武断反对保护主义、单边主义,不断减少贸易壁垒,推动环球代价链、供应链更加完善,共同造就市场需求。
We need to promote development through opening-up and deepen exchanges and cooperation among us. We need to “join hands” with each other instead of “letting go” of each other’s hands. We need to “tear down walls”, not to “erect walls”. We need to stand firm against protectionism and unilateralism. We need to continually bring down trade barriers, optimize global value and supply chains, and jointly foster market demand.
——2019年11月5日,习近平在第二届中国国际入口展览会开幕式上的主旨演讲
稳外资
中国将坚持扩大对外开放,增加商品和做事入口,扩大外资市场准入,加强知识产权保护,形玉成方位、多层次、宽领域的全面开放新格局。
Going forward, China will open up still wider. We will import more goods and services, ease market access for foreign investments, and step up intellectual property protection. With these efforts, we will break new ground in pursuing all-dimensional, multi-tiered and all-sectoral opening-up in China.
——2019年11月14日,习近平在金砖国家领导人巴西利亚会晤公开会议上的讲话
稳投资
要切实办理中小微企业融资难融资贵问题,加大援企稳岗力度。
Concrete measures should be taken to make financing for medium-sized, small and micro firms easier and affordable, and to stabilize and support employment.
——2019年1月21日,习近平在省部级紧张领导干部坚持底线思维着力戒备化解重大风险专题研讨班开班式上揭橥主要讲话
稳预期
当前,中国经济稳中向好,海内生产总值增速连续多年保持在6%以上的合理区间。我们将在近期采纳方法的根本上,进一步推出多少重大举措,加快形成对外开放新局势,努力实现高质量发展。
The Chinese economy has continued its stable and sound performance, with its GDP growing within a proper range of more than 6% for years running. On top of the steps we have taken recently, China will further unveil major measures aimed at breaking new ground in opening-up and delivering high-quality development.
——2019年6月28日,习近平在二十国集团领导人峰会上关于天下经济形势和贸易问题的讲话
空气污染防护 protection against air pollution
国家卫生康健委员会在官方网站发布《空气污染(霾)人群康健防护指南》,针对空气霾污染景象的康健防护需求,从知识传播、信念培养和防护技能等方面,给出"大众年夜众综合康健防护对策和建议。
The guideline suggested that kindergartens, primary and middle schools as well as indoor gyms be equipped with air purifiers to reduce concentration of PM2.5. Schools should suspend outdoor activities and avoid strenuous exercise indoors, the guideline suggested.指南建议中小学、幼儿园及室内健身场所等配置空气净化器,只管即便降落PM2.5浓度;学校应该停息室外集体活动并只管即便避免室内运动。
【知识点】
雾(fog)和霾(haze)的差异为:雾的相对湿度(the relative humidity)一样平常在90%以上,而霾在80%以下,但常日两者并存。能见度(visibility)在1公里以下的称为雾,1公里以上但小于10公里的属于灰霾(dust haze)征象。
较高浓度的细颗粒物(PM2.5)是形成霾景象的主要缘故原由之一。大多数韶光雾和霾这两种征象稠浊在一起,统称为“雾霾景象(smog)”。
霾污染对人体的直接康健影响
霾对康健的直接影响以刺激症状和急性效应为主,紧张表现:眼和咽喉部刺激(eye and throat irritation)、咳嗽(cough)、呼吸困难(breathing difficulty)、鼻塞流鼻涕(stuffy nose and runny nose)、皮疹(skin rash)等,上呼吸道传染(upper respiratory tract infection)、哮喘(asthma)、结膜炎(pink eye)、支气管炎(bronchitis)等疾病的症状增强,部分呼吸系统和心血管系统疾病的发病率、就诊率、入院率增高档。
霾污染防护的重点人群
重点人群紧张有三类,第一类为儿童、老人、孕妇等敏动听群(vulnerable groups including children, the elderly and pregnant women);第二类为心肺疾病患者(those suffering from heart and lung diseases),如患有冠心病、心力衰竭、哮喘或慢性壅塞性肺疾病的病人;第三类为长期在户外作业的职员(outdoor workers),如交警、环卫工人、建筑工人等。
重点人群防护方法和技能
轻度霾景象(mild smog)时:儿童、老人、孕妇及心肺疾病患者等应该减少外出及户外运动(cut time spent outdoor),多在室内运动或调度磨炼韶光,只管即便避免霾污染高峰时段外出磨炼。
中度霾景象(moderate smog)时:儿童、老人、孕妇及心肺疾病患者等应该避免外出及户外运动(avoid going outdoor)。
重度霾景象时(heavy smog):儿童、老人、孕妇及心肺疾病患者等应该留在室内(stay indoor);重点人群必须外出时,应该佩戴配有呼吸阀的防护口罩(wear protective masks equipped with respirators),佩戴口罩前应该向专业医师咨询确认;户外作业职员要佩戴具有防霾功能的口罩(smog-proof masks)。回到家中要及时改更衣物、洗濯面部、鼻腔及袒露的皮肤(change clothes and wash their face, nasal cavity and skin exposed to the air)。
日本年度汉字 Kanji of the year
The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, or JKATF, announced on Thursday that \"大众rei' was the public's top choice, reaping 30,427 votes among 216,325 suggestions received through online surveys and postcards.日本汉字能力检定协会12月12日宣告,通过在线投票及明信片网络的216325个年度汉字选票中,“令”字以30427票高票当选。
“令”字当选缘故原由
Comments from voters indicated that the main reason for their choice was the new era name,\公众rei\"大众 is the first of two characters in the name of the new imperial era, Reiwa, that began this year with the enthronement of Emperor Naruhito.投票民众评论显示,“令”字当选的紧张缘故原由是今年伴随新天皇德仁登基,年号变更,日本进入新的“令和”时期。
The character also features in terms like 法令改正 (hōrei kaisei), the “legal revision” that bumped the consumption tax rate from 8% to 10% on October 1, and 避難命令 (hinan meirei), the “evacuation orders” that reached many residents when typhoons or other natural disasters threatened their communities.“令”字还代表“法令改正”,指10月1日起,日本消费税率由8%升为10%;此外,也代表“避难命令”,指台风或其他自然磨难危及到居民社区时收到的避难指令。
12月12日这天本的汉字之日,由日本汉字能力检定协会主理,每年这个时候都会选一个汉字来代表过去的一年。
The Kyoto-based Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation has run the competition every year since 1995.自1995年以来,位于东京的日本汉字能力检定协会每年都评比年度汉字。
1995年日本发生阪神大地震,当年的年度汉字为\公众震\"大众。1997年许多金融机构在亚洲金融危急中倒闭,年度汉字为“倒”。
Japan has chosen the symbol meaning \"大众disaster\公众 to define the year 2018.日本选出的2018年度汉字是的“灾”。
\"大众North\"大众 won in 2017, and \"大众gold\"大众 in 2016 after the Rio Olympics.2017年的年度汉字是“北”。2016年的年度汉字是“金”,里约奥运会在当年举行。
人类非物质文化遗产名录 the list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
日前在哥伦比亚波哥大举行的联合国教科文组织会议上,泰式推拿被列入人类非物质文化遗产名录(the list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity)。
对付泰式推拿入选,联合国教科文组织表示:
The practice has its roots in self-care in Thai peasant society of the past, [where] every village had massage healers whom villagers would turn to when they had muscle aches from working the field.泰式推拿根植于过去泰国农耕社会的自我疗愈,每个村落都有推拿治疗师,村落民们干农活感到肌心痛苦伤心时就会去找推拿师治疗。
【小百科】
根据联合国教科文组织的定义,非物质文化遗产(Intangible Cultural Heritage)包括口头传统(oral traditions), 演出艺术(performing arts), 社会老例(social practices),仪式(rituals), 节日活动(festive events), 与本土或环球有关的知识及老例(knowledge and practices concerning native and the universe)或者制作传统工艺品的知识和技能(the knowledge and skills to produce traditional crafts)。
除了这里提到的人类非物质文化遗产名录(the list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity)以外,还有一个种别是“急需保护的非物质文化遗产名录(the list of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding)”,入选的项目都是急需采纳保护方法,以连续存活并传承下去的项目,比如:我国的木活字印刷术(wooden movable-type printing)。
泰式推拿有何特点
Unlike conventional massages, Thai massages involve a lot of movement and typically sees people assuming a series of different positions.与传统推拿不同,泰式推拿有很多动作,会采取一系列不同的推拿姿势。
Therapists use not only their hands but sometimes their forearms and knees to apply pressure. There is also no oil involved in Nuad Thai massage.推拿师不仅用手,有时还会用前臂和膝盖来施加压力。此外,泰式推拿一样平常不会利用推拿油。
今年新增的项目还有:
Irish harping爱尔兰竖琴
Celestinian forgiveness in Italy意大利塞莱斯蒂尼亚宽恕庆典
The Carnival of Podence in Portugal葡萄牙狂欢节
Silat self-defence in Malaysia马来西亚自卫术“席拉”
常住人口 permanent population
北京市委党校北京人口与社会发展研究中央和社会科学文献出版社日前共同发布《北京人口蓝皮书·北京人口发展研究报告(2019)》。
The blue book shows that Beijing's permanent population has dropped for two consecutive years while getting much older. Meanwhile, the capital's subcenter, Tongzhou district, has seen more population growth since Beijing has been shifting noncapital functions to neighboring areas.蓝皮书显示,北京市常住人口连续两年低落,但老龄人口有所增加。自北京开始向周边地区讲明非都城功能以来,北京城市副中央通州区的人口规模扩大。
In addition, the blue book finds that the capital's migrant population has been declining since 2015. In 2018, it had fallen to nearly 7.65 million, down 3.74 percent year-on-year.此外,蓝皮书指出,2015年以来,北京市常住外来人口规模不断低落,2018年常住外来人口近765万人,比上年低落3.74%。
【知识点】
在我国,根据不同期间和不同需求,反响一个地区人口总量的统计指标紧张有三个,即常住人口、户籍人口和现有人口。
常住人口(population of long-term residents/permanent residents population)指常常居住在某一地区的人口,包括常住该地而临时外出的人口,不包括临时寄住的人口(temporary residents excluded)。目前天下上大多数国家都把居住半年以上作为判别常住人口的韶光标准。
户籍人口(household registered population)是指公民依照《中华公民共和国户口登记条例》已在其常常居住地的公安户籍管理机关登记了常住户口的人。这类人口不管其是否外出,也不管外出韶光是非,只要在某地注册有常住户口,则为该地区的户籍人口。
现有人口(current population)指在规定的标准时点上,居住在某一地区的全部人口。
蓝皮书估量“北京市常住人口规模2020年掌握在2300万人以内(plan to cap its permanent residents population at 23 million by 2020)”的目标能够实现。
蓝皮书显示,2010年以来,北京市常住人口中0岁至14岁少儿人口和65岁及以上老年人口比重呈现上升趋势。
The juvenile population, made up 10.52 percent of the total last year, while people age 65 and older, accounted for 11.21 percent.2018年北京市0岁至14岁常住少儿人口比重为10.52%;65岁及以上常住老年人口比重达11.21%。
如何积极应对人口老龄化问题,通过制订科学的公共做事政策对人口构造进行调节,是北京市现在和未来须要长期面对的问题。
2010年以来,北京市常住人口的教诲水平不断提升。
In 2018, nearly 40 percent had a college undergraduate education or higher, according to the report.蓝皮书显示,2018年北京市常住人口中,大专及以上教诲程度人口占比近40%。
2019年中国媒体十大新词语 Top 10 media buzzwords
12月16日,国家措辞资源监测与研究中央发布了“2019年度中国媒体十大新词语”。
本次发布的十大新词语依次是:夜经济、5G元年、极限施压、止暴制乱、接诉即办、夸夸群、基层减负年、冰墩墩/雪容融、杀猪盘、乡字号/土字号。
以下为“2019年十大新词语”解读
夜经济 nighttime economy
夜经济指从当日18时至越日凌晨所发生的,以当地居民、事情人群、游客为消费主体,以购物、餐饮、娱乐、休闲等做事消费为紧张形式的经济活动(business activities between 6 pm and 6 am in the service sectors including shopping, catering, entertainment and leisure)。
夜经济可以提高举动步伐利用率、引发文化创造、增加社会就业、延长游客滞留韶光、提高消费水平、带动区域发展,是城市消费的“新蓝海”,为当前经济发展注入了新动能,被称为“中国经济新兴活力源(new impetus for China's economy)”。
5G元年 epoch-making year for 5G
2019年,是当之无愧的“5G元年”。6月6日,中国移动、中国联通、中国电信三大运营商和中国广电获颁5G牌照(5G licenses)。此后约5个月的韶光里,8.6万座基站(base stations)开始发射5G旗子暗记,20款5G手机终端入网测试,5G家当链进一步成熟。11月1日,三大运营商5G套餐(5G data plans)正式启用,5G开始真正走进人们的生活。
极限施压 exert maximum pressure
极限施压意为施加最高限度的压力,一样平常指中美贸易战以来,美国通过加征关税等(impose tariffs)办法对我国施加压力,进行贸易霸凌(trade bullying)。中美贸易问题应在平等和相互尊重的根本上妥善办理。利用极限施压的手段,只会加剧贸易摩擦(trade friction),无助于问题的办理。
止暴制乱 bring violence and chaos to an end
国家主席习近平在巴西利亚出席金砖国家领导人第十一次会晤时,就当前喷鼻香港场合排场明确指出,止暴制乱、规复秩序是喷鼻香港当前最紧迫的任务(it remains the most pressing task for Hong Kong to bring violence and chaos to an end and restore order)。这既清晰宣示了中心政府对喷鼻香港场合排场的基本态度和武断态度,也为当前喷鼻香港事情指明了方向和路径。
接诉即办 handling a complaint upon receipt
接诉即办指北京市为促进基层民生做事(to improve services for the people's livelihood at the primary level)而采纳的一种主要举措和创新机制,即以12345市民做事热线为主渠道的群众诉求快速相应机制(quick response mechanism)。通过该机制,找准了做事群众“末了一公里”的痛点和难点,大大提高了为民办事的效率,真正回应群众的诉求,提升了群众的幸福感和得到感。
夸夸群 praise group
夸夸群指一种以“全方位地用华美的辞藻猖獗地称颂吹捧(overwhelming compliments and praise)”为紧张内容的微信群。在夸夸群中,群成员可以享受到“夸人做事”,得到各种花式的夸奖。这既是一种新兴的社交模式,也反响当今部分网民的一种情绪须要。
支持者认为,赞颂的话是正能量,能让人增加信心(boost confidence),减轻压力(relieve pressure);反对者则称,夸年夜的相互吹捧,会让人盲目自傲,乃至迷失落自我(lose themselves)。
基层减负年 the year to reduce burdens on community-level officials
2019年3月,中共中心办公厅印发的《关于办理形式主义突出问题为基层减负的关照》,将2019年作为“基层减负年”,旨在贯彻落演习近平总布告主要指示指挥精神,办理一些困扰基层的形式主义问题(the practice of formalities for formalities' sake),切实为基层减负,勉励广大干部担当作为、不懈奋斗。这表明了党中心武断不移全面从严治党(comprehensively strengthen Party discipline)、始终如一狠抓作风培植的武断决心。
冰墩墩/雪容融 Bing Dwen Dwen/Shuey Rhon Rhon
2022年北京冬奥会和冬残奥会吉祥物(mascots for the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics)。“冰墩墩”意喻敦厚、康健、活泼、可爱,象征着冬奥会运动员强壮的身体、坚韧的意志和鼓舞民气的奥林匹克精神。
“雪容融”中的“雪”,象征洁白、俏丽,是冰雪运动的特点(indicative of the snow and ice of winter sports);“容”,意喻原谅、宽容、互换互鉴(inclusiveness, tolerance and mutual learning);“融”,意喻领悟、温暖(integration and warmth),相知相融。“容融”,表达了天下文明互换互鉴、和谐发展的理念,表示了通过残奥运动创造一个更加原谅的天下和构建人类命运共同体的美好愿景。
杀猪盘 pig-butchering scam/romance scam
一种网络诱骗(online fraud)办法,指诱骗分子在以恋爱交友为手段获取被害人信赖后,伺机将其拉入博彩理财等骗局(win the trust of victims through a romantic relationship before tricking them into a gambling or financing trap),骗取受害人钱财。不同于其他骗局的“短、平、快”,杀猪盘最大的特点是放长线,这个过程犹如把猪养肥后再宰杀,故称。
乡字号/土字号 bucolic brands/agriculture business names
乡字号特指村落庄特色产品品牌。2019年6月,国务院在《关于促进村落农户当振兴的辅导见地》中明确提出,要履行农业品牌提升行动(a government initiative aiming to foster brands for agricultural products or services),鼓励地方造就品质优秀、特色光鲜的区域公用品牌,勾引企业与庄家等共创企业品牌,造就一批“土字号”“乡字号”产品品牌。
国际茶日 International Tea Day
第74届联合国大会12月19日通过决议,将每年5月21日定为“国际茶日(International Tea Day)”。
The resolution invites the international community to observe International Tea Day in an appropriate manner and in accordance with national priorities, through education and activities aimed at raising public awareness of the importance of tea for, inter alia, rural development and sustainable livelihoods.联合国大会决议希望国际社会根据各国侧重以适当的办法庆祝“国际茶日”,通过教诲及各种活动帮助"大众更好地理解茶叶对农业发展和可持续生存等的主要性。
大会决议表示:
Tea production and processing constitutes a main source of livelihoods for millions of families in developing countries, and tea constitutes the main means of subsistence for millions of poor families who live in a number of least developed countries.茶叶生产和加工是发展中国家数百万家庭的紧张生存来源,也是多少最不发达国家数百万穷苦家庭的紧张谋生手段。
Tea production and processing contributes to the fight against hunger, the reduction of extreme poverty, the empowerment of women and the sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, it added.茶叶生产与加工有助于应对饥饿、减少极度穷苦、增强妇女权能、可持续利用陆地生态系统。
The tea industry is a main source of income and export revenues for some of the poorest countries and, as a labor-intensive sector, provides jobs, especially in remote and economically disadvantaged areas.茶行业是一部分最穷苦国家紧张的收入及出口收益来源,同时作为劳动密集型行业,茶行业也能供应大量就业,尤其在偏远经济欠发达地区。
爱国爱澳 loving the motherland and loving Macao
Macao's economy registered the fastest growth and livelihoods witnessed the biggest improvement over the past two decades, President Xi Jinping said at a welcoming banquet hosted by the Macao SAR government. \"大众The past 20 years are also a period that saw Macao compatriots share dignity of the great motherland and enjoy the greatest sense of glory,\"大众 said Xi.
国家主席习近平12月19日晚出席澳门特殊行政区政府欢迎晚宴并揭橥主要讲话。习近平指出,回归祖国以来的20年,是澳门历史上经济发展最快、民生改进最大的期间,也是澳门同胞共享伟大祖国肃静和光彩感最强的期间。
澳门“一国两制”实践呈现出许多亮点:爱国爱澳成为全社会的核心代价,宪法和基本法威信稳定树立,行政主导系统编制顺畅运行,融入国家发展大局积极主动,原谅和谐增强社会凝聚力。
The Macao practice of \"大众one country, two systems\"大众 has new commendable aspects: \公众Loving the motherland and loving Macao\公众 becoming a core value of the whole community, the authority of the Constitution and the Basic Law being firmly upheld, the executive-led system functioning smoothly, Macao actively integrating itself into the national development, and social inclusiveness and harmony creating great power to unite the people of Macao.
——2019年12月19日,习近平出席澳门特殊行政区政府欢迎晚宴并揭橥主要讲话
广大澳门同胞素有爱国传统,有强烈的国家认同感、归属感和民族自满感,这是“一国两制”在澳门成功实践的最主要缘故原由。
Macao compatriots have a tradition of patriotism, as well as a strong sense of national identity, belonging and national pride, which is the most important reason for Macao's success in the \公众one country, two systems\公众 practice.
——2019年12月20日,习近平在庆祝澳门回归祖国20周年大会暨澳门特殊行政区第五届政府就职仪式上的讲话
年度字词 character and word of the year
国家措辞资源监测与研究中央、商务印书馆等联合主理的“汉语盘点2019”揭晓仪式12月20日举行。
“Stability” was chosen as the hottest Chinese character related to domestic topics this year, while the phrase that swept the country was “me and my motherland”.“稳”、“我和我的祖国”分别当选年度海内字、海内词。
The hottest character related to international topics was “difficulty”, and the hottest phrase related to international topics in 2019 was “trade frictions”.“难”、“贸易摩擦”分别当选年度国际字、国际词。
“汉语盘点”活动至今已举办十四年,旨在“用一个字、一个词描述当年的中国与天下”,鼓励全民用措辞记录生活,描述中国视野下的社会变迁和天下万象。
The campaign received thousands of suggestions from netizens nationwide since it started on Nov 20.11月20日,“汉语盘点2019”活动启动以来,收到了网友提交的数千个字词提名。
Many of the submissions related to domestic and international issues, but the dominant influencing factor was the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China in October.很多提名的字词都与海内、国际事宜干系,不过个中一个紧张的影响成分是10月份中华公民共和国成立70周年。
仪式现场还发布了2019年度十大盛行语。
2019年度十大盛行语
我和我的祖国 me and my motherland
金色十年 golden decade
学习强国 study to make our country stronger
中美经贸磋商 China-US trade talks
最美奋斗者 the most outstanding contributors
硬核 hardcore
垃圾分类 garbage sorting
先行示范区 pilot demonstration area
基层减负年 the year to reduce burdens on community-level officials
我太南了 What am I supposed to do?
急救设备 first-aid equipment
12月23日提请十三届全国人大常委会第十五次会议第四次审议的基本医疗卫生与康健促进法草案明确,公共场所应该按照规定配备必要的急救设备、举动步伐。
The country needs to establish and improve the pre-hospital emergency system to provide \"大众timely, standard and effective\公众 first-aid services for patients in emergency situations, in danger, or with a critical illness, says the draft law.草案规定,国家建立健全院前急救体系,为急危重症患者供应及时、规范、有效的急救做事。
《康健中国行动(2019-2030年)(Healthy China Initiative)》提出,完善公共场所急救举动步伐设备配备标准,在学校、机关(government institutions)、企奇迹单位(enterprises and public institutions)和机场、车站、港口客运站、大型阛阓、电影院等职员密集场所配备急救药品、器材和举动步伐(first-aid kits),配备自动体外除颤器(AED)。
The draft calls on medical and health care government offices and social organizations to carry out first-aid training and promote related knowledge to the public. It also encourages medical workers and people trained in first aid to actively participate in emergency services in public places.卫生康健有关部门、组织应该积极开展急救培训,遍及急救知识,鼓励医疗卫生职员、经由急救培训的职员积极参与公共场所急救做事。
关注生理康健问题,草案提出,国家采纳方法,加强生理康健做事体系和人才军队培植。
The draft calls for more efforts to promote mental health education, psychological assessments, psychological counseling and psychological treatment services.草案提出,进一步改进生理康健教诲、生理评估、生理咨询以及生理治疗做事。
It also stipulates the establishment of psychological assistance hotlines for the public and the improvement of mental health services for key groups such as minors, people with disabilities and the elderly.草案还规定,设立公共生理赞助热线,提升针对未成年人、残疾人以及老年人等重点人群的康健做事水平。
草案新增不少康健促进方法。
The draft also adds that schools must offer sports and health care courses in accordance with the regulations and encourages organizations to open their sports venues and facilities to the public.学校应该按照规定开设体育与康健课程,国家鼓励单位的运动场地举动步伐向公众开放等。
民法典草案 draft civil code
十三届全国人大常委会第十五次会议12月23日在京举行,备受关注的民法典草案首次整体亮相。
The draft civil code consists of general provisions and six sections on property, contracts, personality rights, marriage and family, inheritance, torts and supplementary provisions.民法典草案共7编,依次为总则编、物权编、条约编、人格权编、婚姻家庭编、继续编、侵权任务编,以及附则。
以下是这次民法典草案中备受关注的一些修正
条约编草案中有关借款条约的修正
The draft makes a clearer stipulation to ban \公众usury,\"大众 stating that \"大众the interest rates of loans shall not violate relevant national regulations.\"大众草案明确规定,禁止高利放贷,借款的利率不得违反国家有关规定。
人格权编草案完善防止性骚扰有关规定
The draft stipulates that Party and government departments, enterprises, schools and other institutions shall adopt appropriate measures to prevent and stop sexual harassment behaviors that take advantage of power or posts.草案规定,机关、企业、学校等单位应该采纳合理方法,防止和制止利用权益、从属关系等履行性骚扰。
人格权编草案中关于隐私的认定修正
The draft revised the definition of privacy as \公众peace of one's personal life and the private space, activity or information that a person does not want others to know\"大众.草案将隐私的定义修正为“隐私是自然人的私人生活安宁和不愿为他人知晓的私密空间、私密活动、私密信息”。
2018年8月至今,十三届全国人大常委会对民法典各分编草案进行了拆分审议,根据民法典编纂事情操持,到2019年12月,将2017年3月出台的民法总则同经由常委会审媾和修正完善的民法典各分编草案合并为一部完全的民法典,即《中华公民共和国民法典(草案)》。
5A级旅游景区 5A-level scenic areas
12月25日,文化和旅游部发布公示,拟新增北京圆明园等22家旅游景区为国家5A级旅游景区,公示期为12月25日至12月31日。
Apart from the Old Summer Palace, tourist attractions in north China's Inner Mongolia autonomous region, east China's Jiangsu and Jiangxi provinces will also be included in the list of 5A-level scenic areas.除了圆明园以外,内蒙古自治区、江苏省以及江西省的一些景点也有望新增为5A级景区。
【知识点】
我国旅游景区质量等级(quality rating of scenic areas)划分为五级,从高到低依次为AAAAA、AAAA、AAA、AA、A级旅游景区。旅游景区质量等级的标牌、证书由全国旅游景区质量等级评定机构统一规定。
景区评定等级须要知足的条件包括三个细则,细则一为做事质量与环境质量(quality of service and environment),共分为旅游交通(transport)、游览(tour)、旅游安全(travel safety)、卫生(sanitation)、邮电做事(postal service)、旅游购物(shopping)、综合管理以及资源和环境的保护(resource and environment conservation)8个大项;细则二为景不雅观质量,分为资源要素代价与景不雅观市场代价两大评价项目;细则三为游客见地(tourists feedback),以游客对该旅游景区的综合满意度为依据。
据文化和旅游部资源开拓司先容,这次22家拟新确定的5A级景区,是经有关省区市文化和旅游行政部门推举,文化和旅游部按程序组织综合评定的。按照国家标准《旅游景区质量等级的划分与评定》和《旅游景区质量等级管理办法》,这22家旅游景区已达到国家5A级旅游景区标准哀求(up to standard of 5A-level scenic areas)。
就业首选 desirable employer
近期,智联招聘发布《2019中国年度最佳店主评比报告》,呈现大学毕业生的预期收入、意向就业企业类型等调研结果。
报告显示,国企和政府机关取代外企成为大学毕业生首选的意向就业单位类型。
The survey, which polled students from 22 universities across the country, stated that 26.4 percent of students prefer working for State-owned enterprises after graduation, while 24.8 percent prefer government agencies and public insititutions.本次调查涉及全国22所高校,结果显示,26.4%的学生毕业后更方向于去国企事情,24.8%的学生方向于政府机关及奇迹单位。
Meanwhile, students who listed multinational companies as their top choice fell to 22.6 percent from 27.9 percent last year.与此同时,就业首选外企的学生比例从去年的27.9%低落为今年的22.6%。
In addition, the popularity of Chinese private companies among students has dropped from 23.1 percent to 21.2 percent, and those wanting to start their own business immediately after college fell from 4.5 percent to 3.4 percent.此外,私企的就业意向也由去年的23.1%低落至今年的21.2%;毕业后立即创业的意向则由4.5%低落至3.4%。
报告指出,通过历年比拟创造,尊重员工(respect for employees)已经连续多年被大学生评价为空想店主(desirable employer)须要具备的紧张特色,而公正公道的用人原则(fairness and equal opportunity policy at workplace)也越来越受到大学生的重视。
大学生对付第一份事情预期收入呈现逐年攀高的趋势。
According to the survey, students expect to earn an average of 6,884 yuan ($983) per month in their first job, up from last year's 6,530 yuan. Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen remain the top three cities of choice for fresh graduates.调查显示,2019年大学生第一份事情的预期月薪为6884元,去年为6530元。北京、上海、深圳依然是毕业生首选的就业城市。
入口暂定税率 provisional import tax rates
To expand imports, stimulate import potential and optimize the structure of imports, China will implement provisional import tax rates that are lower than the most-favored-nation (MFN) tariff rates for over 850 commodities starting Jan 1, 2020.为积极扩大入口,引发入口潜力,优化入口构造,自2020年1月1日起,我国将对850余项商品履行低于最惠国税率的入口暂定税率。
【知识点】为更好知足公民生活须要,适度增加海内相对紧缺或具有国外特色的日用消费品入口,新增或降落冻猪肉、冷冻鳄梨、非冷冻橙汁等商品入口暂定税率;为降落用药本钱,促进新药生产,对用于治疗哮喘的生物碱类药品和生产新型糖尿病治疗药品的质料履行零关税;为扩大前辈技能、设备和零部件入口,支持高新技能家当发展,新增或降落半导体检测分选编带机、高压涡轮间隙掌握阀门、自动变速箱用液力变矩器和铝阀芯、铌铁、多元件集成电路存储器、大轴胶片质料、光刻胶用分散液、培养基等商品入口暂定税率;为鼓励海内有需求的资源性产品入口,新增或降落部分木材和纸制品入口暂定税率。
【主要讲话】
中国将更加重视入口的浸染,进一步降落关税和制度性本钱,造就一批入口贸易促进创新示范区,扩大对各国高质量产品和做事的入口。
China will give greater importance to import. We will continue to lower tariffs and institutional transaction costs, develop demonstration zones to promote import trade by creative means, and import more high-quality goods and services from around the world.
——2019年11月5日,习近平在第二届中国国际入口展览会开幕式上的主旨演讲
北京礼物 Beijing Gifts
经由线下征集、线上投票及专家评审等多个环节综合评价,12款2019年我最心仪的“北京礼物”于近日揭晓。
A total of 12 products were voted the most popular Beijing gifts on Dec 27. They include artwork, face masks, traditional Chinese vodka and cakes and pastries that all feature distinctive Beijing elements.12月27日,12款我最心仪的“北京礼物”揭晓,个中包括艺术品、面膜、二锅头酒、糕点等具有北京特色的产品。
【知识点】
“北京礼物(Beijing Gifts)”品牌创建于2011年,是表示古都文化(culture of ancient capital)、赤色文化(red culture)、京味文化(Beijing culture)和创新文化(culture of innovation)内涵,展示北京天下城市形象(image of a world-class city),代表精细工艺(refined craftsmanship)、优秀品质(top quality)和丰富文化创意特色的北京旅游商品和文创产品的标志性品牌。该品牌于2014年由北京市旅游行业协会进行牌号注册,2016岁首年月次被写入全市高精尖产品目录。
More than 20 Beijing Gifts shops are up and running in the capital at the moment and offer traditional artworks, time-honored brand items and souvenirs.
目前,全市共有20多家“北京礼物”线下店面,经营传统艺术品、老字号产品和纪念品。
The event has received more than 1.58 million votes since the middle of October, and this year's event has helped boost relevant business sales by 91.5 million yuan ($13.07 million), up 20 percent year-on-year.这次评比活动于今年10月中旬开始,总投票数158万多张,评比活动共带动“北京礼物”参评企业近9150万元发卖额,企业发卖同比增长近20%。
2019年我最心仪的“北京礼物”奖名单
唐人坊·国粹娟人系列 (Peking Opera dolls)
吉兔坊·新北京兔儿爷系 (the Rabbit God)
东方艺珍·花丝快意系列(ruyi, an S-shaped ornamental object)
步瀛斋 · 京城花海系列女鞋(women cotton shoes)
华都· “国安一起赢”二锅头酒 (erguotou, traditional Chinese vodka)
御茶膳房·“北京的心意”皇城手作糕点(artisan pastry)
国家京剧院·京剧脸谱面膜(Peking Opera-style face mask)
天安门· “来自天安门的礼物”-国旗班兵偶系列(figurines of PLA soldiers guarding the national flag at the Tian'anmen Square)
东韵·北京人文系列丝巾(silk scarf)
陈彤云·北京中医美好的祝福系列扮装品(TCM cosmetics)
唱吧·“唱响北京”蓝牙麦克风(bluetooth microphone)
万华镜·缤纷京城万花筒系列(kaleidoscope featuring Beijing elements)
都城功能核心区 core area of the capital
12月30日,《都城功能核心区掌握性详细方案(街区层面)(2018年—2035年)》(草案)公示启动,听取公众年夜众见地,公示期为2019年的12月30日到2020年的1月28日。
The core area of the capital, including Dongcheng and Xicheng districts and covering an area of 92.5 square km, will be endowed with the functions of the country's political, cultural and international exchange center. The area will also serve as a key conservation area of historical and cultural heritage and a window to display the capital city of China.都城功能核心区,包括北京市的东城区和西城区两个行政区,总面积92.5平方公里,是全国政治中央、文化中央和国际交往中央的核心承载区,是历史文化名城保护的重点地区,是展示国家都城形象的主要窗口地区。
草案提出,强化“两轴、一城、一环”的城市空间构造,个中“两轴”为中轴线(the Central Axis)及长安街(Chang'an Avenue),中轴线以文化功能为主,长安街以国家行政、文化、国际交往功能为主;“一城”为北京老城(old downtown area of Beijing);“一环”指沿二环路的文化景不雅观环线(scenic spots along the second Ring Road featuring diverse culture of Beijing)。
方案哀求落实“老城不能再拆了”的保护理念,最大限度留住历史印记。
都城功能核心区十一类保护工具包括:
(1)天下文化遗产(world culture heritage);
(2)国家级、市级、区级三级文物保护单位(historical and cultural sites protected at the national, municipal and district level)和尚未核定为文物保护单位的不可移动文物(immovable cultural relics,又称普查登记在册文物);
(3)地下文物埋藏区(underground archaeological ruins);
(4)历史建筑(historical buildings,含精良近当代建筑、名人旧居、挂牌保护院落、工业遗产等);
(5)历史文化街区和特色地区(streets and areas featuring ancient culture);
(6)历史街巷、传统胡同及传统地名(ancient alleys and place names);
(7)历史河湖水系和水文化遗产(ancient water system and water culture heritage);
(8)城址遗存(ancient city ruins);
(9)历史名园与古树名木(ancient gardens and trees);
(10)革命史迹(revolutionary relics);
(11)非物质文化遗产(intangible culture heritage)。
适度提高公共管理与公共做事用地比重,提高居住品质,改进人居环境
The land area for urban public facilities will increase from the current 11.1 percent to 12.2 percent of the total. Public spaces, both indoor and outdoor, will be raised from 34.4 percent currently to 38.9 percent.城市公共做事举动步伐用地占方案区域总面积的比重将由现状11.1%提高到12.2%,公共空间面积占比将由现状34.4%提高到38.9%。
方案内容落到183个街区
Under the plan, Beijing's Dongcheng and Xicheng districts will be divided into 183 blocks for optimal functionality to protect the environment and to better serve residents.根据方案草案,东城区和西城区将划分183个街区,以实现环境保护及提升公共做事等功能。
完善社区—街区—街道三级公共做事生活圈,提升宜居水平
One goal is for 85 percent of residents to use public transportation with an upgrade in facilities. Commute times will be reduced to an average 45 minutes during rush hour.公共交通举动步伐升级,居民公交出行比例达到85%;高峰期均匀通勤韶光缩短至45分钟以内。
Medical care and cultural facilities will be within 10 to 15 minutes' travel for all residents in the area.区域内基本实现医疗卫活气构和公共文化机构10-15分钟可达。
(中国日报网英语点津 马文英)
来源:中国日报网